Perhaps it is time for a cost/benefit analysis of wind energy versus nuclear and hydro. The following analysis is from a pro-nuclear site, but still seems reasonable to me -- that in economic terms, the cost of providing wind-generated power is higher than the cost of providing the same amount of hydro or nuclear power.
From
The Economics of Wind Power:
Wind power fuel tradeoff with natural gas
Since wind power is a fuel saver, one of the questions that might be asked is exactly how much fuel is saved, or put another way: What is the economic tradeoff between wind farms and the fuel saved, such as in a natural gas power plant?
A simplified comparison shows that the worth of the natural gas saved is less than the cost of building and operating a wind farm. The details of the cost tradeoff are shown at the end of this article.
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Hydro backup
It should be noted that if hydro power is used to compensate for wind power, there is no compensating cost saving for the saved fuel. The saved fuel is the extra water that goes over the spillway and is wasted. It is cheaper to have no wind farms in this pairing and let hydro do the entire job of supplying the needed electricity.
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Wind-generated electricity is not free. The cost of fuel for any power plant is just part of the cost that a consumer needs to pay. Because the fuel cost is zero does not mean that the cost of the generated electricity is zero.
This is similar to the electricity generated by hydro. The cost of the water is zero, but the hydro-generated electricity is not zero. It includes O&M costs and the cost of building the hydroelectric dam.
For a nuclear plant, the fuel cost is not zero, but it is a relatively small portion of the generation cost. It is certainly smaller than the fuel cost in a natural gas plant, where the fuel cost is about 80 percent of the generation cost.
For power providers that use oil as fuel, it appears that wind generation is worth the fuel-cost savings. Oil is not used extensively, however, because it is so expensive.
In conclusion, there appears to be no economic justification for building windmills except when low-cost alternatives are not available. This is especially true when windmills are placed on a grid with ample hydro, as there are no compensating fuel savings in that situation.
There is no free lunch.
Cost tradeoff of wind versus fuel saved
Inputs:
A 2-MW wind turbine costs approximately $3.5 million installed.
The O&M cost of a wind farm is approximately 20-25 percent.
The maximum life expectancy of wind turbines is 20 years.
The price of gas is about $4 per thousand cubic feet.
The price of a barrel of oil is $80.
It takes about 7.7 cubic feet of natural gas to generate 1 kWh of electricity (dividing the generation in Table 7.2a by the fuel consumption in Table 7.3a in these tables published by the U.S. Energy Information Administration ).
It takes 0.00175 barrels of oil to generate 1 kWh of electricity (using the same tables as above).
Assumptions:
The capacity factor of a wind farm is about 30 percent (land based).
The higher capacity factor of 45 percent is assumed for Hawaii.
The average life of a wind turbine is 15 years.
Interest costs for the wind farm are neglected.
The cost of transmission lines are neglected.
Analysis:
Cost of wind farms:
A 1000-MW wind farm costs $1,750 million to install all the turbines (500 turbines x $3.5M per turbine).
For a lifetime of 15 years, the costs is $116 million per year (1,750/15).
When including O&M, this increases to $145 million/year (116 x 1.25).
Electricity generated:
The amount of electricity that a 1000-MW wind farm is expected to produce in a year is 2,630,000 MW-hrs for a 30-percent capacity factor (1000 MW x 365d x 24 h/d x .3).
Cost of natural gas saved:
The value of the fuel saving in the backup 1000-MW natural gas plant is $81 million/year. (2.63 x 106 MW-hrs x 7.7 cubic feet/kWh x $4/1000 cubic feet x 103 kW/MW).
Cost of oil saved in Hawaii:
The value of the fuel saving in the backup 1000-MW oil-fired plant is $552 million/year. (2.63 x 106 MW-hrs x [.45/.3] x 0.00175 barrels/kWh x $80/barrel x 103 kW/MW).
Conclusion:
The yearly natural gas fuel-saving cost benefit for operating a wind farm is less than the yearly cost to install and operate wind farms. There is, therefore. no economic incentive to pair a natural gas plant with a wind farm, unless the price for natural gas goes up.
For a pairing of wind farms with oil-fired generation, there appears to be a significant savings. This is primarily due to the much higher price of oil versus natural gas for the same energy content. This is the reason oil-fired generation is not much used anywhere, except Hawaii, where there is not much other choice. At today’s prices, oil is 4.5 times more expensive than natural gas for the same extracted electrical energy (.00175 barrels/kWh x $80/barrel)/(7.7 cft/kWh x $0.004/cft)=4.5