With the talk of Quebec separation in the news again, I decided to make a map of what I think Canada should look like in the event of such a thing:
The biggest change is, naturally, east of Ottawa. Ontario east of Ottawa and western Quebec (basically Montreal and the surrounding area and a strip of land heading eastward) would become a Province called Champlain. I chose this name because it's bilingual, and reflects the history of the area. That thin strip extends to parallel with the New Hampshire-Maine border.
East of there is Acadia, with is comprised of the same thin strip (primarily for access), as well as the southeastern part of Quebec, and northern New Brunswick, which is primarily french, and is where the majority of Acadians live. I chose this name because of the long history of those peoples in that area. I also chose it because there is a sizeable Acadian population in the Gaspé region, which in this map is still part of Quebec, but if given the chance to join a Province who's name they closely identify with, they may subsequently choose to remain part of Canada. The northern part of Maine is also substantially Acadians, so there's the potential there for annexation (slim chance, but still a chance none the less).
Making northern New Brunswick part of Acadia also plays into creating a United Maritimes. Right now, one of the biggest obstacles would be the french speaking population in northern NB, who would feel 'diluted' if part of a larger United Maritimes. However, with them having their own Province, that concern is alleviated.