Re: 2nd Yonge Line
This should never happen. Toronto would literally be the only place on earth that would build an entirely duplicative subway under a current one.
To begin with, Yonge's spacing is already pretty 'express,' especially north of Eglinton. Maybe Rosedale, Summerhill, Davisville & NYCC could be excluded from an 'express' route, but that wouldn't translate to huge time savings over the existing route. It would be silly to get rid of anything south of Bloor since those are major destinations.
Second, it's not even like most Yonge riders live ON Yonge. Most passengers transfer from surface or connecting RT routes. It makes more sense to improve RT coverage. That would save riders from having to schlep to Yonge in the first place.
Third, the actual Yonge corridor isn't particularly dense by global standards. Willowdale, for instance, is substantially lower density than Queens. Even Ward 27 is less dense than, say, Brooklyn, and that's probably the densest part of the Yonge corridor. It defies imagination that Yonge would be the first and only place on earth that needs to build a second subway.
Further to that, much of the Yonge corridor is considered "stable" and off limits to densification. As areas like
this become richer and richer, they'll fight any densification tooth and nail. So densification will mostly be contained to a few strips directly fronting onto Yonge.
Yonge's capacity issues stem pretty directly from the fact that we've got an obsession with building E-W rapid transit that can only flow onto Yonge to reach downtown (BD, Sheppard, now Eglinton). I think we may be one of the only cities where the main rapid transit interchange isn't actually close to the CBD.