I am not knowledgeable on other places, but I have never understood this weird situation where we like to buy only in huge, bulk orders, then no orders for the next x decades, and never piecemeal. It makes it much harder to have any form of industry here in Canada, because instead of a few, stable jobs, it's this huge burst of cold start manufacturing, hire & fire, then lose all the knowledge, and repeat.
The shorter lifecycle, volume of bus transit, & private operators here makes it easier for buses, theyve figured it out there, but for rail...? TTC streetcar had no orders between '89 and '12, Line 2 got their rolling stock in '95 and probably be replaced by '30... What are manus supposed to do in the 35 year time between orders? Sit around?