I'd need to look into the research but I don't think it can be generalized. London should go from 6 airports to 1? Montreal and NYC should go from 3 airports to 1? If we shouldn't have BB, the we also should not have ALTO.
Absence of evidence is not evidence of absence. While there may not be research specifically on BB, there is on secondary airport (as per asking AI):
Research in aviation and urban planning
strongly supports the existence of "multi-airport systems"—where a major city is served by a primary hub and one or more secondary airports. This setup is generally viewed as a strategic response to capacity constraints and a driver for economic competition.
The supporting research typically focuses on four key areas:
1. Relief of Capacity and Congestion
As major hub airports reach their physical limits, secondary airports act as "reliever" facilities.
- Operational Efficiency: Research from MIT suggests that available capacity at surrounding airports can be twice that of the core hub. Utilizing these secondary sites significantly increases the overall system capacity without the massive environmental and political hurdles of building a new "greenfield" primary airport.
- Delay Mitigation: Studies on the Chicago metropolitan area (O'Hare vs. Midway/Gary) show that secondary airports are essential in regional strategies to manage gate arrival delays and taxi times during peak traffic periods.
2. Economic Competition and Consumer Choice
Secondary airports are often the primary catalyst for competition in the airline industry.
- The LCC (Low-Cost Carrier) Effect: Research indicates that the rise of "no-frills" airlines (like Ryanair in Europe or Southwest in the US) is inextricably linked to secondary airports. These carriers use secondary airports to avoid the high landing fees and "monopoly" pricing of legacy carriers at major hubs.
- Price Pressure: The presence of a secondary airport increases the price elasticity of the region. This forces primary airports and legacy airlines to keep their aeronautical charges and fares more competitive.
3. Regional Economic Development
Smaller airports often serve as specialized economic engines for their immediate vicinity.
- Business Attraction: A joint report from aviation and highway officials found that for every dollar invested in general aviation (secondary) airports, there is an average return of $75 by companies utilizing those facilities.
- Job Creation: Research in Canada and the US shows that even small regional flights can generate millions in GDP. For example, a single regional flight can support between 126 and 210 jobs through direct, indirect, and induced economic impacts.
4. Urban Planning and "Metroplex" Dynamics
Urban planners use the term
"Metroplex" to describe metropolitan areas where multiple airports have highly interdependent operations.
- Specialization: Secondary airports often specialize in niches that would "clog" a major hub, such as corporate aviation, air cargo, or flight training. This allows the primary airport to focus almost exclusively on high-volume commercial international and domestic traffic.
- Geographic Coverage: Secondary airports provide better accessibility for residents living on the periphery of a major city, reducing ground travel time and local traffic congestion toward the urban core.